All In One Directory: General & Reference Websites

The Incas of Peru: This site is designed as a resource for middle school History in the UK (Key Stage 3) - and for anyone coming to the subject for the first time. It features a large number of links, organised by topic, to Inca websites which are suitable for 'guided investigation' by young people; downloadable text and maps which present a simplified version of the 'traditional' narrative of Inca History; a worksheet that encourages thinking about how that narrative might be questioned; many pointers to how the topic lends itself to a multi-media approach to the subject; and a bibliography. It was written with 'a world study before 1900' in mind. But it could also be useful as part of studying 'empires', and includes a map of world empires in the 15th century. The thematic approach of the new Key Stage Three History curriculum offers many new topic possibilities - and a need for new materials suitable for classroom use.

Snaith Primary School: The website is primarily designed for classroom use. Many of the units available loosely follow the structure of QCA schemes of work, with humour and interactivity added. You will find 1500 pages of classroom resources, worksheets and lesson plans for Key Stage 1 & 2. This includes Myths & Legends, Aztecs, Ancient Greeks and Egyptians, Vikings, Victorians, World War 2 and much more.

Primary School History: School History has expanded its links to cover Primary history. There are currently a total of 128 reviewed links available, covering general sites, Ancient Greece, Ancient Egypt, Aztecs, Romans, Anglo-Saxons, Vikings, Tudor Times, Great Fire of London, Victorian Britain and Britain since 1930. Further links will be added on request. Each topic attempts to highlight existing material on the Internet that will be useful either for direct teaching or for teacher research.

History on the Net: A website designed and produced by Heather Wheeler, a History and Additional Needs teacher at Filsham Valley School, St Leonards, East Sussex. The site is comprised of four main sections: Subject information linked to the National Curriculum; lesson ideas for use in the classroom, including complete one-hour online lessons; a reference section with an A-Z of History, Timelines and links to other History sites; and a games section with History quizzes, puzzles and interactive activities. Recommended by the NGFL, National Curriculum Online and The History Channel, History on the Net is an expanding site which regularly posts new information and lesson ideas. Comments and suggestions are always welcome.

Spartacus Educational: Established in September 1997, the Spartacus Educational website provides a series of history encyclopedias. Titles currently include British History: 1750-1960, United States: 1840-1980, First World War, Second World War, Russia: 1860-1945, Germany: 1900-1945 and France: 1900-1945. Entries usually include a narrative, illustrations and primary sources. The text within each entry is linked to other relevant pages in the encyclopedia. In this way it is possible to research individual people and events in great detail. The sources are also hyper-linked so the student is able to find out about the writer, artist, newspaper and organization that produced the material.

Active History: "Probably the best history website around" is how the Guardian recently described this site, which has been developed by Russel Tarr of Wolverhampton Grammar School. Active History provides dozens of self-contained interactive lessons for students and teachers of history throughout the 11-18 age range, in the form of historical decision making games, self-marking quizzes, virtual tours and summary slides. Worksheets and lesson plans are continually being added, and the site provides an excellent example of how ICT can effectively and simply be incorporated into the history classroom.

SchoolHistory: An award winning teacher-created website offering a plethora of resources and materials for history teachers and pupils. Includes categorised and reviewed internet links, interactive games, over 650 freely downloadable worksheets and presentations, online lessons, interactive diagrams and popular teacher and student forums. In addition to this, recent developments allow history teachers to submit their own versions of all the popular activities which can then be shared with the wider teaching community - and downloaded for their own use.

Learn History is a recently launched website by Dafydd Humphreys, Head of Humanities at Stanley Technical School in London. It features a full revision guide for the USA - A Divided Union, and exercises to revision notes for Nazi Germany and Superpower Relations linked to Spartacus Educational and History Learning Site. Revision guides to the American West and Crime and Punishment are planned for the future.

History Teachers' Discussion Forum: Extremely popular discussion forum run in partnership with some of the leading teacher-created history websites. Offers discussions on teaching, suggestions, ideas, trials of ICT and history materials together with general help and friendly advice on issues faced by history teachers today. The detailed calendar shows up and coming history programmes on British TV. Anyone can access the forum and a simple registration enables you to get involved. Popular discussions have covered curriculum issues, GCSE questions, management questions, lesson plan ideas, textbooks, training and ICT issues.

Teacher Oz's Kingdom of History: This website is a database of topically organized internet resources for use by students, teachers, and history lovers. The site first appeared online in 1997 and currently includes over 100 separate topic pages. Founded on the premise that any topic relating to humanity relates to history, many different topics are featured that are not generally considered part of the history curriculum. While Oz's Kingdom focuses on U.S. History, the site also includes extensive areas on World History, Geography, Government, Art, Music, Literature, Film, and Education. Tracey Osborn, a teacher in Texas, USA and webmaster of the site, understands the importance of interdisciplinary studies and also includes sections on Science, English, Philosophy, and Math. The site is designed for easy navigation and includes helpful links for parents and families.

British Museum Virtual Tour: The All Souls British Museum Virtual Tour is one of the oldest UK History Education websites. It has two tours of Ancient Greek Artifacts + cross currciular resources linked to the Literacy hour. Look in the different rooms and learn about the everyday objects of Ancient Greece. There are many supporting teacher resources such as the Greek Alphabet bingo in PDF format.

A History of Flight: The Science Museum's On-Line Exhibition starts with a time-line of the History of Flight. The user can use this as a base to explore both the aircraft and the people involved in the development of the industry. Thirty-one people have been chosen and they range from King Louis XIV, who witnessed the early flight of the Montgolfier balloon, to Bill Bedford, the test pilot of the first vertical and landing jet areoplane. There are a large number of aircraft on display. This usually includes a photograph, background information on its development and technical details (span, length, weight, speed, power and armament).

Richard York: Historical Musician: Richard York travels widely to schools, museums and heritage sites presenting workshops in history through music and drama, and as a historical musician and interpreter, for medieval, Tudor, 17th century and Victorian periods. His website features an extensive resources section. Aimed largely at children aged 6-12 with whom he has worked, it's for anyone to find more about the many instruments he plays, their history, technology, social context, and historical sources; also other aspects of each period's history. So, for example, alongside pictures of the historical English and European bagpipes he plays, are period representations in paint, manuscript, or carving, on which they're based. There are also examples of period language, of other replica artefacts, references to clothing, social roles, etc.

Historical Terms: Using simple explanation, puzzles and interactive activities History on the Net offers information and online lessons on three key historical terms - Anachronism, Chronology and Sources.

HistoPortal: HistoPortal is a World history based portal site. Search through the ages by century, look for historical figures, countries and cities. Take a look at events like world wars, revolutions, religions, monuments, ancient civilizations, mythology, philosophy, sacred places, legendary figures, mysteries and everything else historical.

St Paul's Cathedral: An impressive website that enables you to take a virtual tour of some of the amazing architecture of St Paul's Cathedral. This includes six 360° panoramas: the High Alter and Quire, Centre of the Cathedral, Chapel of St Michael and St George, the OBE Chapel, Nelson's Tomb and the Great West Entrance. There is also a detailed timeline of the history of the cathedral.

Royal Genealogical Data: A database compiled by Brian Tompsett of the University of Hull that contains the genealogy of the British Royal family and those linked to it via blood or marriage relationships. As Brian Tompsett points out in the introduction, this means it is "the genealogy of almost every ruling house in the western world because of the intermarriage that took place between them at some time or another." The database includes details of over 21,000 individuals. The data is ordered alphabetically, by dates, by ruling house and title.

24 Hour Museum: This critically-acclaimed website guide to UK museums and galleries, launched its newly designed site this week with a section dedicated to teachers, offering information and support for schools across the UK. The updated site offers teachers a curriculum navigator. The database allows them to enter information such as subject and key stage coding in order to supply them with suggested museums and galleries. The search also gives details of educational facilities and resources currently available. For example, if a teacher requests appropriate information for 9 year olds studying Tudor history in the North East region, the results will recommend relevant institutions.

Victorian Books: The 19th century witnessed the economic, social, political and cultural transformation of Britain. The printing and publishing industry was caught up in this transformation, benefiting from the application of power to the various stages of the manufacturing process, but also able to exploit developments in other technologies, most notably the railways and telegraphy. This website celebrates this process with sections on printing technology, illustrations, lithography, wood engraving, the novel, yellowbacks, penny dreadfuls and children's books.

HistoryWorld is a highly interactive site in which users can move back and forth through time along interconnecting pathways. In 'What When Where' they can discover contemporary events selected by time, place and theme. Tours offer a two-speed navigational system from Big Bang to the present. Illustrated Timelines (thirty of them relating to curriculum subjects) provide ready-made surveys of the appropriate material. Users of the sophisticated HistoryWorld database can also select images and events to mix their own timelines. At any moment a single click will bring up a narrative account of a selected event. There is also Whizz Quiz, an addictive history quiz against the clock. And in HistoryClub people can publish their own articles online. There are few educational sites where pupils can become so actively involved in so many different ways.

People's Century: This website is a companion to People's Century, a 26-episode television series broadcast on the BBC and PBS. The site contains material of interest to a general audience, with special content for teachers and students. The website includes a timeline, which shows the relative time span of each episode and highlights significant world events related to the topic. There is also a teacher's guide, which provides discussion questions to help students in viewing the programs, as well as classroom activity that focuses on a selected programme segment.

The History Net: Web 100 claims that the History Net is the highest ranking history website on the Internet. The site's sections include World History, American History, Civil War, Personality Profiles, Great Battles, World War Two, Eyewitness Accounts, Great Battles of the Ages, Arms, Armies and Intrigue, Historic Travel, Aviation & Technology and Homes & Heritage. Other features include a Daily Quiz, Today in History and Picture of the Day.

History Ideas: A collection of twenty history activities for students aged between 5 and 11. Titles include Creative History, The Greek Alphabet, Perseus Role-Play, Boudicca's Revolt, Roman Invasions, Poor Tudors, Looking at Historical Objects, Greek Theatre, Our Roman Roads and Roman Britain.

Centre for Study of Cartoon and Caricature: This site based at the library of the University of Kent at Canterbury is an excellent location for all those interested in the use of cartoons as historical sources. In particular teachers will find the searchable database an excellent resource for creating source-based questions. The database contains a wide range of British cartoons from the First World War to the Gulf War. This site is superb and it is worth taking a little while to come to terms with a slightly idiosyncratic search engine (if you are having trouble getting it to recognise keywords try using the year of the event instead).

History Gateway: This site is produced by Beal High School in Ilford and aims to provide pupils with a resource for research, homework and revision to use at home or at school. The site contains links to hundreds of useful websites (some of which have been reviewed in this newsletter). Pupils will find it especially useful that the sites are organised into National Curriculum topics, and the areas of the OCR GCSE Modern World Syllabus. Many of the sites have been reviewed and given 'star', 'recommended' or 'hard site' ratings to help pupils choose the most suitable sites.

The Dating Game: Russel Tarr of Active History has created a new website for students revising for exams. Called the Dating Game, it gives you two minutes to guess the dates of as many historical events on your chosen topic as possible. An incorrect guess will result in being told to guess 'higher!' or 'lower!' whilst a correct guess improves the quality of your 'date' for the evening!

Virtual Museum: Using original documents, images, and film from the Public Record Office's 1000 year old collection, the 'Virtual Museum' provides a showcase for some of the treasures at the PRO. Visitors can explore everything from Famous Names to Crime & Punishment, and from War & Defence to Kings & Queens. They can find out surprising facts about famous people - including William Shakespeare, Robin Hood and Sir Elton John - as well as the extraordinary feats of ordinary people. Explore each century of the last millennium in the 'Millennium Galleries' and find out more about
the most famous documents at the PRO in the 'Icons' galleries.

Best of History Web Sites: Designed for history educators and students, Best of History Web Sites is a useful portal that provides convenient access to many of the best history resources online. The portal provides descriptions and ratings of hundreds of excellent history-oriented web sites, all organized into ten main categories: Prehistory, Ancient History, Medieval History, US History, Early Modern European History, 20th Century History, World War II History, Art History, General History Resources, and Maps. There are also three special categories: Lesson Plans/Activities, Multimedia, and Research. Best of History Web Sites also contains a special informative section on Teaching With Technology that offers articles and advice about integrating computers in the classroom. In this section you will also find links to dozens of useful resources on educational technology.

History Channel Website: The online accompaniment of the excellent UK History Channel, this website provides a comprehensive history resource for both student and enthusiast alike. Visitors can listen to history's greatest speeches, re-live battles blow by blow with the animated battle guides, find events and exhibitions in their local area, or test their knowledge with the history quiz. The debate chamber is a popular place for regulars to voice their opinion, and for students "The History Study Stop" is the place to go to make revision fun.

History Buff: This website, developed by the Newspaper Collectors Society of America, provides articles on major, and not so major, events in history. For example, there is a series of articles published on the Jack the Ripper case. The website also includes a Historic Voices Library where you can hear the voices of famous people. Other features includes a Presidential Library, Interactive Quizzes and Online Auctions.

History of Hinchingbrooke House: This website not only provides a history of the Country House of the Earls of Sandwich but a history of the site from Anglo-Saxon times to the present day, a history of its inhabitants - from prioresses and nuns through the landed gentry to schoolmasters - and a microcosm of English history from 600 AD to the present day. The website is designed for the teaching of history, with work tasks on every page, and shows the links between on the one hand a particular building and its inhabitants and on the other the broad sweep of English history. Hinchingbrooke House is the sixth form centre for Hinchingbrooke School, Huntingdon.

Absolute Facts: True stories about people and events that changed the life of mankind. Recent additions include articles on Alfred Nobel, Edvard Grieg, Vincent van Gogh, Adolf Hitler, Elvis Presley and Marilyan Monroe. The material is organised into the following categories: Architecture, Arts, Celebrities, History, Inventions, Literature, Movies, Classical Music, Pop Music, Organizations, Politicians, Transportation and World War II.

Play Your Dates Right!: This new game from Active History tests historical knowledge by inviting students to choose a topic area and then presenting them with a series of shuffled 'cards'. They then have to determine whether the event described on each new card happened before or after the one to its left. Visitors are invited to submit their own topics in a timeline format which Russel Tarr will be happy to convert for use in the game!

Web of English History: Marjie Bloy has been a history teacher since 1968. This website began life as a project at the University of Sheffield and then grew into a resource for people studying British history between 1830 and 1850. Currently it is being extended to include the period 1760-1830. The website has sections on Political Personalities, Tory Governments, American Affairs, Popular Movements, Irish Affairs, Political Organizations, French Wars and Economic Affairs.

Crime and Punishment: This local history website was created by Powys County Archives with the help of the county museums and libraries in the area. Subjects covered include Religion, Education and Poverty. The Crime and Punishment section provides a large collection of primary sources on the way in which offenders were dealt with by the authorities in the counties of Montgomeryshire, Radnorshire and Breconshire in earlier times.

Tag TeacherNet: TagTeacherNet is an online arena for the teaching community. The website allows teachers to share news, views, resources and advice. The history section provides links to Associations, Events, Journals, Learning Resources, Lesson Plans, Maps, Revision, Suppliers, Teaching Resources, Timelines and Virtual Museums.

Life in the Whitehouse: The White House is more than 200 years old and its next door neighbor, the West Wing, is celebrating its 100th birthday this year. Learn about the White House and the people who have lived there through these activities and games.

Country Reports: This website has over 1,500 pages of information about every country in the world. As well as covering issues such as economy, government, armed forces, geography it also includes a detailed history of the country. Other features include flags, national anthems, exchange rates and current weather.

Peace Pledge Union: Educational materials produced by the Peace Pledge Union. Subjects covered include Pacifism, Conscientious Objection, Conscription, First World War Christmas Truce, Treaty of Versailles, Armistice Day, Just War, War and the Environment, Poetry and War, Landmines, Arms Trade, Chemical Weapons and Biological Weapons. The website also includes biographies of peace campaigners such as Vera Brittain, Dick Sheppard, Martin Luther King, Gandhi, Siegfried Sassoon, Fenner Brockway, George Lansbury and Albert Einstein.

The Illustrated Enemy: This website looks at graphic depictions of national leaders and military and civilian life, as illustrated by artists both before and during World War I. These images were originally published in magazines, books, posters and postcards. The artists are French, German, Italian, Dutch, British and American. Many are unabashedly patriotic, even jingoistic; others are just as firmly anti-war.

Scottish History Online: The Scottish History Club was originally formed during 2001 to allow visitors who have a serious interest in Scottish History to be able to interact with each other and share their knowledge, research, theories, photographs and general enthusiasm for Scottish History with others within a website that was ‘password protected’. The Club has basically two elements the ‘Club Web Site’ and the ‘Club Community Site’. The Community is by far more interactive with the ability to post your own images, contributions and have online discussions with other members, whether in the chat room or posted up on the site.

Local History Trail: Take part in the National Grid for Learning's local history trail and explore the people, places and events that have made your community what it is today. The trail features online activities to show you how to get started in local history, how to explore further and how to use the internet to help you discover the past. You can try out your new skills by investigating the history of your local area - and return to the trail to share your discoveries with others in the online gallery. Everyone who sends in a contribution will be entered into a prize draw to win a year's family membership of either English Heritage, Historic Scotland or Heritage in Wales.

British Timelines: This BBC websites provides a collection of timelines on British History: Neolithic and Bonze Ages (8300-750 BC), Iron Age (751 BC - AD 42), Roman Britain (AD 43 - 409), Invaders (410-1065), Anglo-Normans (1066-1215), The Middle Ages (1216 - 1347), Late Medieval (1348 - 1484), Tudors (1485 - 1602), Stuarts (1603 - 1713), Georgians (1714 - 1836), Victorians (1837 - 1900), Early 20th Century (1901 - 1944) and Post WWII (1945 - 2002).

Interactive Games: Learning history doesn't have to be all about reading textbooks and watching drab documentaries. At the ActiveHistory website interactive games add a completely new dimension to history studies. Subjects covered include the Murder of Archbishop Becket, Bayeux Tapestry, William Rufus, Henry VIII, Medieval Time Machine, Coalbrookdale, Home Front, Victorian Entrepreneur, Emily Davison, Bolshevik Revolution, Wall Street Crash, Adolf Hitler, Weimar Republic and the League of Nations.

Prime Ministers in History: There have been 51 British Prime Ministers since 1721. These figures include some of the most influential and interesting figures in British history. At this 10 Downing Street website you will find a biography and interesting facts about each Prime Minister from Robert Walpole to Tony Blair. More interesting and bizarre facts about past Prime Ministers can be found at the Prime Ministerial record breakers section.

Teaching English and History Using Historical Fiction: This project began in 1993. It is primarily concerned with the use of historical fiction to teach English and history. The essence of the project has been for students to read historical fiction set in a particular period, to research aspects of that historical period and then to write their own historical fiction. The original work centred upon the Medieval Realms history study unit using 'A Little Lower Than the Angels' written by Geraldine McCaughrean. This has been successfully used by a number of Year 7 classes around Dorset as a springboard for their own writing. The website provides a list of books that supports this approach and covers topics such as the Romans in Britain, Britain 1500-1750, the Tudors, the Renaissance, Victorian Britain, Britain 1815-1851, American West 1840-1895 and Britain since 1930.

Virtual Tours: These 3-d Virtual Tours allow you to experience a historical building or structure. This BBC website includes the Mary Rose, Captain Cook's Endeavour, World War One Trench, Ironbridge, Medieval St Edmunds Abbey, London Bridge, Viking Age Farmhouse, Housesteads Roman Fort and Scottish Crannog. If the virtual tour doesn't play, you may need to download a free VRML plug-in such as Cortona.

Kings and Queens: This Grid Club website provides brief biographies of all British monarchs since William the Conqueror. It also contains overviews of the Normans, Angevins, Plantagenets, Lancasters, Yorks, Tudors, Stuarts, Hanovers, Saxe-Coburg Gothas and Windsors. These pages include some good coloured illustrations that could be used to explore changes in clothes and fashions over the centuries.

Ask an Historian: Spartacus Educational is now offering a new service to its visitors. In future people will be able to ask a panel of experts questions about history. The panel will include teachers, historians, authors and researchers with expert knowledge of the period. Where possible, people with actual experience of these events, will also join the panel. The following sections are currently available: Life and Death of John F. Kennedy, The Cold War, The Vietnam War, Nazi Germany, Second World War, First World War, Women’s History, Black History, Spanish Civil War and History of Russia.

Schools History: This website is authored and maintained by Dan Moorhouse, Head of History at Laisterdyke High School, Bradford. The site primarily offers content that is accessible to students along with a range of lessons and quizzes to develop knowledge and historical skills. At Key Stage 3 the site has developed large sections on the Tudors, The Normans, the First World War and The Industrial Revolution amongst other areas. Each area is supported by a range of downloadable resources and teaching ideas that include assessment materials, teaching methods for use with Gifted and Talented students and worksheets for students. This website is NGFL and GEM approved.

History Learning Site: This site is run by Chris Trueman, head of year at Sackville Community College in East Grinstead, West Sussex. The site contains comprehensive content on Medieval England, Tudor England, Stuart England and the Industrial Revolution for Years 7 and 8 pupils. The requirements for Year 9 - World War One, Important Inventions of the Twentieth Century, the growth of women's rights in the Twentieth Century and the Indigenous People of America are also covered. The requirements for the GCSE Modern World History course are covered in depth as are some aspects of the British Social and Economic course. The site also contains a number of very detailed A level sections including Luther, Calvin, Philip II of Spain, the French Wars of Religion, the Thirty Years Wars and the Civil Rights movement of America 1945 to 1968.

Active History: "Probably the best history website around" is how the Guardian recently described this site, which has been developed by Russel Tarr of Wolverhampton Grammar School. Active History provides dozens of self-contained interactive lessons for students and teachers of history throughout the 11-18 age range, in the form of historical decision making games, self-marking quizzes, virtual tours and summary slides. Worksheets and lesson plans are continually being added, and the site provides an excellent example of how ICT can effectively and simply be incorporated into the history classroom.

Burnt Cakes: Whiteboards seem to be the way forward for using ICT in history - if you can't regularly get into the ICT suite, then bring the ICT suite to your classroom! Combined with a data projector they introduce a wide range of versatility into the way we can use technology in an interactive way. The materials on Burnt Cakes are designed to take full advantage of these opportunities. They do not replace the teacher, but allow pupils and teachers to interact in a way that aids learning. They encourage 'what if' questions, and help develop an open approach to learning. Produced by practising teachers, these are materials that work. Colleagues who have used them all agree, these are quality resources that aid teaching and learning in the classroom.

Greenfield Modern World History: John D. Clare's website includes topic mini-books: 'basics-only' texts on Treaty of Versailles, League of Nations, Road to WWII, Cold War, Russia 1917-41 and Britain and World War II, with links to allow deeper research. The website also contains coursework materials on Haig and Votes for Women. The texts are available as Microsoft Word files, for users to download and print as they want. The website also features Revision Sheets (summaries of 'key facts and ideas to remember' from the mini-books) and Exemplar Essays on some 30 topics, each starting with a 150-word summary, and then offering an 'unpacked' version of around 400 words.

Teachers' Virtual School: History Department: The Teachers' Virtual School History Department provides lessons for those teaching history in the classroom. Lessons are listed under Key Stage and Topic. Teachers are invited to send in details of any online history lessons they have produced for their students. The website also includes sections on History Online Resources, History Quizzes, Timelines, History Forums and History Journals.

Teaching History Online: Teaching History Online is a free monthly email journal for anyone interested in using the internet to teach or study history. The journal includes online news, reviews of websites and articles on ICT history. Members will also be able to submit information for inclusion in the newsletter. In this way Spartacus Educational hopes to bring people together who are involved in using the internet to teach history.

IST Humanities Department: When the International School of Toulouse opened in September 1999 it became Europe's first fully laptop computer school. The public launch of the IST Humanities Department website this week, offers the visitor a fascinating insight into how the nature of education can change when students exchange pencil cases for keyboards. The website is built and maintained by teachers Richard Jones-Nerzic and Peter Flynn, but in addition to their teachers' core 'hypertext curriculum', a significant proportion of the website is dedicated to publishing the multimedia work of students. In a section entitled 'Websites for Learning', for example, the authors show how websites can be used to allow students to build 'multiple-intelligence portfolios' of their learning. Rather than the passive recipients of information, students become active producers of content: even to the extent of producing interactive assessment activities for other learners. The authors are convinced that laptops and the Internet constitutes "the most important development in the history of education since Guttenberg told the monks to put their quills away"

Modern World History: This site is designed for pupils aged 14 to 16 studying the topic to exam level. Topics covered are the Treaty of Versailles; League of Nations; Weimar Germany; Nazi Germany; the Russian Revolution; the era of Stalin; America in the 1920's; the New Deal; Italy 1900 to 1939; the causes of World War Two; World War Two; the Cold War and the use of evidence in History. There is also a link page to other valuable sites.

SchoolHistory Teachers Section: A newly redesigned area of schoolhistory.co.uk, the teachers section provides a 'one-stop shop' for advice, resources and practical help for all history teachers. Includes a 'case-studies' section that provides explanations and suggestions written from teachers' own experiences, a 'create your own' section that draws together the interfaces that allow teachers to easily create their own ICT activities, the downloadable resources section offering huge numbers of .pdf worksheets and PowerPoint presentations together with a recently developed section offering ideas for lesson starters and plenaries.

GCSE History: Andy Walker's excellent website contains a large collection of revision resources for students studying GCSE history. This includes information on using historical sources, top revision tips and exam practice. At the moment the website specializes on the subject of medicine and features activities on Roman Public Health, Medieval Public Health, Renaissance Medicine, Louis Pasteur, Edward Jenner, Surgery, Women in Medicine and Florence Nightingale.

History Schemes of Work: The British government's Standards Unit website now contains a collection of schemes of work for history that can be downloaded and edited by teachers. Topics include: Medieval Monarchs, Medieval People in Town and Country?, The Medieval Church, Elizabeth I, Islamic States 600-1600, Images of an Age, The Civil Wars, Glorious Revolution, French Revolution, Industrial Changes, Mughal India, The British Empire, Black Peoples of America, British Women and the Vote, Holocaust, Twentieth Century Medicine and Scientific Discoveries.

PBS History: PBS is a non-profit media enterprise owned and operated by 347 public television stations in the United States. It also has one of the best educational websites on the Internet. So far the PBS has produced more than 135,000 pages of content. One of the joys of this website is that it is willing to provide in-depth material on people in history who are not as well known as they should be. This includes Joe Hill, A. Philip Randolph, Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Marcus Garvey, Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Richard Wright. Other topic covered include America and the Holocaust, The Donner Party, John Brown's Holy War, Scottsboro: An American Tragedy and Surviving the Dustbowl.

BUBL History Reference Library: BUBL Information Service, based at Strathclyde University Library, is a searchable database of Internet resources of academic relevance. The websites are organised by Dewey Decimal Classification and can be searched by subject or class number. The history main page has fourteen main categories that include: History Journals, World History, Biography, Genealogy, History of the Ancient World, History of the British Isles, History of Europe, History of Asia, History of Africa, History of North America and History of South America. These provide links to further categories. For example, the History of the British Isles, is broken down into websites on Scotland, Ireland, Northern Ireland, England and Wales. Each website listed has a brief review with information on the people and organisations that have created the website.

Jewish Virtual Library: This website claims it is the most comprehensive Jewish encyclopedia in the world. Created by the American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise (AICE), the website includes more than 6,000 articles. Divided into 13 sections such as History, Women, Politics, Biography, Israel, Religion and Vital Statistics, the entries are often illustrated by photographs and maps.

US Air Force Museum: The US Air Force Museum based in Dayton, Ohio, has produced an excellent resource for anyone interested in the history of flight. The website has been organised in a similar way to the museum. Eight galleries display samples of aircraft from flight's earliest days to the latest jet fighters. Each exhibit displayed includes a photograph, a history of its development and technical details. There are also other galleries on topics such as 'Engines', 'Weapons' and 'Equipment'. Video clips are available in some of the galleries.

Victoria Cross Website: Created by Mike Chapman, the Victoria Cross website is dedicated to the 1354 people who have been awarded this medal since 1856. There are sections on all the military campaigns since the Crimean War. The section on the First World War is particularly impressive and visitors can access information about the 624 men who won the Victoria Cross between 1914-18. This includes details of the deed and location of the medal. Entries are also listed by regiment, rank, campaign and nationality.

Famous Trials: Douglas O. Linder, professor of law at the University of Missouri-Kansas City Law School, has created an outstanding website on famous trials. Those covered so far include the Salem Witchcraft Trials (1692), Amistad Trials (1839-40), Andrew Johnson Impeachment Trial (1868), Susan Anthony Trial (1873), Sacco-Vanzetti Trial (1921), Scopes Monkey Trial (1925), Scottsboro Trials (1931-37), Nuremberg Trials (1945-49), Rosenberg Trial (1951), Mississippi Burning Trial (1967), Chicago Seven Conspiracy Trial (1969-70) and the My Lai Court Martial (1970). Most of these include background information on the case, biographies and photographs of trial participants, trial transcript excerpt and articles from newspapers that covered the trial.

St Thomas Aquinas History Department: A set of history resources for students and staff. All of the work that we do in KS3 and 4 is notated along with images for students to revise and get additional help with homework. Teachers can examine a sample of the lessons I have available and they can download several for free use in their schools. Additional information shows some of the work we are doing along with specific advice for GCSE students.

Middle East & Jewish Studies: Columbia University's collection of Middle East Studies Internet Resources is an on-going compilation of electronic bibliographic resources and research materials on the Middle East and North Africa available on the Internet. The resources are organized by region, country and subject. The scope of the collection is research-oriented but it also provides access to other websites with different or broader missions.

History Today: History Today has been Britain's leading history magazine since 1951 . Every issue brings you a compelling variety of articles on a vast range of historical subjects. History Today puts most of its content online and the latest edition includes articles on Afghanistan in the 19th Century, Gerald L. K. Smith of the America First Committee, Richard Trevithick's First Steam Carriage and Design in Tudor & Stuart Britain.

BBC History Magazine: This month's edition of the BBC History Magazine includes several articles that attempt to help explain the terrible events on 11th September. The magazine examines early terrorism, in both East and West, as well as past conflicts in Afghanistan, the targeting of civilians in modern war, and the career of the Byzantine emperor who may have initiated the idea of the crusade as 'holy war', with a possible impact on the Vikings. There is also an article by Paul Kennedy who reflects on the historical impact on the attacks on New York and Washington.

History of the European Union: The European Union (EU) is the result of a process of cooperation and integration which began in 1951 between six countries (Belgium, Germany, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands). After nearly fifty years, with four waves of accessions (1973: Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom; 1981: Greece; 1986: Spain and Portugal; 1995: Austria, Finland and Sweden), the EU today has fifteen Member States and is preparing for its fifth enlargement, this time towards Eastern and Southern Europe. This website provides a history of the European Union and links to more detailed information on the subject.

German-American History & Heritage: An impressive collection of resources to use when studying German immigration to the United States. The website includes biographies of over 200 German-Americans, online books and miscellaneous essays relating to German-Americans. The teaching resources section includes materials on 'German Immigrant Culture in America', 'Revolutionaries of 1848' and 'German-Americans and their Contributions to American Mainstream Culture'.

The History Guide: Steven Kries has created this website for the high school and undergraduate student who is either taking classes in history, or who intends to major in history in college. The purpose of he History Guide is to prepare students for their history classes and to make their time in class more enjoyable and proficient. The History Guide contains more than seventy lectures in European history from ancient Sumer to the fall of Soviet-style communism in 1989.

America 1900: Another wonderful website from the PBS organization. America 1900 presents a comprehensive picture of what life was like in the United States at the turn of the century. The website site provides images, information, and documents about 1900. Events covered include African American Higher Education, African American Military Service, The Boxer Rebellion, The Fight for Women's Suffrage, The Galveston Hurricane, The General Allotment Act, Mining Disaster in Scofield, Rise of Anarchism, The Sapho Affair and War in the Philippines.

Census Online: The 1901 British census was posted on the internet on the 1st January 2001. The Public Record Office says it will be invaluable for people all over the world who want to trace their British ancestors. Margaret Brennand, from the Public Record Office, said: "A huge amount of work has gone into taking the original census forms, scanning them, creating digital images and a comprehensive index to enable people to search for more than 32 million individuals living in England and Wales in 1901." The data, which has taken more than two years to digitalise, is expected to be particularly popular with people from overseas seeking to trace English and Welsh ancestors. A basic search of the site will be free of charge but to download a census image will cost 75p per page. The initiative is part of the PRO's wider effort, Census Online, which aims to digitise all the earlier censuses before 1901.

Life of the People: During his life the New York garment manufacturer, Ben Goldstein, collected works that stirred his very personal interest in the city of his birth, the American people, and the human condition during the first half of the twentieth century. Goldstein assembled outstanding holdings of works by creators who shared his social concerns. Among these artists were women, African Americans, and the Mexican muralists who were so influential at the time. Life of the People, created by the Library of Congress, is an online exhibition of Goldstein's collection of prints and drawings.

History on the Web is a site of free resources for Modern History students and teachers. It has over 100 student-friendly articles by first-rate authors on key AS/A2 topics, carefully arranged to be a complete work assignment. There are also topic guides, in-depth outlines of key concepts, comments on exam answers and a 66 page History study guide that has been used by the government to show the uses of the Internet. The site has selected links (under constant development) to other Modern History Internet sites. Simple to use, even for complete novices, the site is fast and free except for two protected sections, the password to which subscribers to new perspective - the leading AS/A Modern History journal, receive the password.

Mr. Wilson's History Website: The Head of History at St Thomas Aquinas High School in Manchester has produced a website where visitors can access his teaching resources. This includes sections on Manchester in the Blitz and an A-Z of the Second World War. There is also information and advice on GCSE History, National Curriculum Levels, study skills, school trips and website resources.

David Hart's Home Page: David Hart believes that the use of IT in the classroom encourages a shift in the focus of education away from the top down method of delivery towards a more student-centred approach to learning. He argues that: "With other sources of information from all over the world available at the click of a mouse button, there is much less need for the top down approach to learning and teaching. Teaching then becomes more a process of assisting the student to find material relevant to their research topic, helping them to evaluate the information they find, and providing them with the opportunity to present it in a form accessible to others." His website provides information on his philosophy and includes examples of how he uses technology to teach his students.

Lord William's School: Still in it's early days, this site is produced by members of the History Department at Lord Williams's School, Thame, Oxfordshire. It is aimed at Lord Williams's students as a tool for homework, with copies of resource sheets and revision quizzes for all year groups from 7 to 13. It is particularly focused on GCSE students, where the school follows the Edexcel SHP Syllabus (Medicine & Weimar/Nazi Germany). The site also provides a clear summary of useful links to other history sites, plus information about department activities including trips, research and the newly-formed 6th Form History Society. Students can take part in historical polls and can access email support from a teacher. The site is evolving all the time in response to student feedback, and links to the new Lord Williams's School site where students can access further information related to their studies.

Stanley Tech History Room: The History Room provides links to the best school history sites in Britain, together with sites of interest to students researching for coursework and homework. History heroes/heroines are featured regularly to provoke the reader to learn more. Viewers can nominate their own favourite historical characters for inclusion. Linked to the History Room are a growing number of pages dedicated to the various modules of study - at present the American Indians, and shortly the Cold War. Pupils history work is published in the Pupil Work pages, and student achievements celebrated in the Honours page.

SHP History Revision Site: This web site is designed specifically for students of GCSE history schools history project offering free online support to all students. Features found on the web site include; online lessons, multiple choice revision tests, exam practice with model markschemes, top revision tips and downloadable revision notes and links out to numerous relevant history sites and other revision sites. There is also an ask a teacher facility for students in difficulty. All materials are authored by an SHP examiner.

ProQuest History: This subscription service website is probably the most comprehensive online resource of its kind, offering a vast and growing collection of digitized materials. These include newspaper articles, rare books, video clips and web links, plus a bookshelf of respected reference titles and historical journals. Recent additions to the service include schemes of work for Key Stage 3, student guides and 100 more widely studied curriculum topics.

Weatherhead High School: A departmental web site created and maintained by the History staff at Weatherhead High School in Wallasey. It has been produced so that pupils can have access to downloadable homework and classwork sheets, PowerPoint presentations, useful website links and a vast number of History diagrams, clip art and revision sheets. These resources can also be of use for the sharing of good practice between History departments throughout the Wirral and even Britain. One of the most used sections of the website is the 'Ask a Teacher' section which many of our pupils find extremely useful after school hours.

School History Revision: A new section of Andrew Field's excellent School History website is designed to help pupils revise for their history exams. The website covers four topics in detail (World War I, USA 1929-41, Superpower Relations and Impact of war 1900-50) together with useful links for other areas. The revision section includes innovative new revision diagrams where pupils can revise and recap essential information. A blank diagram is shown on screen - pupils can type in their own notes and print out the results. Extensive help is automatically available to complete the diagrams. Pupils can either use this as a recap and revision aid or to learn additional information.

Greater Manchester County Record Office collects historical archives relating to the history of Greater Manchester. The collections cover a wide variety of material such as medieval documents on parchment, eighteenth century court martial records, business records, newspapers, maps and much more. The website includes an education pack that can be accessed online. The pack is ideal for courses on Victorian England. It includes original sources, with questions and activities designed to stimulate learning.

Humbul Humanities Hub: Humbul helps humanities professionals access relevant online resources. Employing a distributed network of subject specialist cataloguers across the UK, the Humbul Humanities Hub, based at the University of Oxford, is building a catalogue of evaluated online resources that enables teachers, researchers and students to find resources that make a difference. A suite of personalised services – My Humbul – has been developed to aid users in their search for quality online resources. Registered users (registration is free) may take advantage of an alerting service that will notify users by email when new records have been added to Humbul that match their search criteria. Users are able to select records from Humbul, add their own annotations, and export the data in the form of a few lines of html to add to their webpage. Whenever anyone visits their webpage it will dynamically retrieve the selected records from Humbul.

Schwab History Writings: Two historic essays resulting from Helmut Schwab's encounter with new or unique source material. One essay presents a biographical sketch of the multifaceted personality and turbulent life of Henry Villard, 1835-1900; the great journalist, railway builder, industrialist, and abolitionist. Some of the new source material is important, some is interesting, and some is amusing to read. The other essay presents a critical analysis of source material available as records from the Paris Peace Conference 1919 - the "Papers of Woodrow Wilson", the official minutes issued by the secretary, Hankey, and the notes kept by the French interpreter, Mantoux. No one source is complete or fully correct, as a partial word-by-word comparison demonstrates.

The American Revolution: Rick Brainard is an independent scholar and a member of the American Historical Association. His main historical area of interest is 18th century history with a special emphasis on Colonial America. Brainard's The American Revolution: The Struggle for Independence website directory provides internet resources, original essays, documents and more information about the topic.

Political Cartoonists: A website that contains the biographies and work of 152 cartoonists who have commented on important political and social issues over the last 300 years. Artists featured include Cornelia Barnes, George Cruikshank, Victor Deni, Will Dyson, Daniel Fitzpatrick, James Gillray, Olaf Gulbransson, Thomas Heine, Joseph Keppler, Rollin Kirby, John Leech, Robert Minor, Thomas Nast, Louis Raemaekers, Boardman Robinson, John Tenniel, Eduard Thony, F. W. Townsend, Boris Yefimov and Philip Zec.

Red Gold: A companion website to the new four-part PBS mini series Red Gold: The Epic Story of Blood looks at the facts and myths about blood and its impact on everything from religion and medicine to commerce and popular culture throughout history. An interactive timeline charts major moments in the history of blood, including the first blood transfusion, conducted by the French doctor Jean- Baptiste Denis in 1667; the discovery of blood types; the Spanish Civil War, when blood was first collected, refrigerated and carried into battle; the story of Charles Drew, the American in charge of the World War II Plasma for Britain campaign who was barred by the U.S. Army from donating his own blood because he was black; and the emergence of AIDS and mad cow disease.

Historia de España: This web site has been created and maintained by Juan Carlos Ocaña, history teacher in a High School in Madrid. It has been produced so that students, teachers and everybody else interested in 20th century history can have access to several sorts of resources. There are online lessons on First World War and the Treaties of Peace, International Relations during the Interwar Period, European Integration Process and European Citizenship and Women's Suffrage Movement and Feminism, 1789-1945. The online lessons provide historical texts, chronologies, glossaries, biographies, collections of selected links and different activities on texts, maps, statistics and images. The online lessons and the rest of the contents are in Spanish, although an English and Portuguese version of the European Integration Process and European Citizenship lessons are available.

Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History: This website was designed and developed to support the teaching of American History in K-12 schools and colleges and is supported by the Gilder Lehrman Institute and the College of Education at the University of Houston. The materials on this website include a U.S. history textbook; over 400 annotated documents from the Gilder Lehrman Collection on deposit at the Pierpont Morgan Library, supplemented by primary sources on slavery, Mexican American and Native American history, and US political, social, and legal history; succinct essays on the history of film, ethnicity, private life, and technology; multimedia exhibitions; and reference resources that include a searchable database of 1,500 annotated links, classroom handouts, chronologies, glossaries, an audio archive including speeches and book talks by historians, and a visual archive with hundreds of historical maps and images. The site's Ask the HyperHistorian feature allows users to pose questions to professional historians.

CasaHistoria is the History website of Northlands School, Buenos Aires, Argentina. This English language web is designed to offer links to History sites connected with IB, GCE and GCSE syllabuses in 20th century history. It has been developed by the Department over a three year period, is very extensive and offers outlines of each included site along with its value as a source of information. It was intended primarily as a tool for Northlands students, but is increasingly being accessed by a wider audience at university, A level and IB. It also includes useful links to Latin American history in the 20th century.

Sharon Howard's History Resources: Sharon Howard is a PhD student in the Department of History and Welsh History at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth. Her collection of links are organized under the following topics: Welsh History and Culture, Britain and Ireland, Crime, Punishment and Law, Women and Gender History and General History Resources. You can also read the outline of Howard's PhD, 'Crime, Community and Authority in Early Modern Wales'.

Scholars' Guide to the WWW: A directory website produced by Richard Jensen, Professor Emeritus of History at the University of Illinois-Chicago. Sections include: History: General, History: USA, History Departments, Ethnic Studies, Demography & Ethnicity, Humanities, Libraries, Bibliographies, Online Magazines & Books and Online Maps.

History Books Online: Naomi Symes Books is a bookselling service to academics, collectors and enthusiasts in the field of social history and women's history. It supplies out-of-print, antiquarian and in-print titles to individual customers and academic institutions worldwide. Over the summer months, the website has been making improvements to its online booksearch to allow for easier, more informed browsing. This means that in addition to its fast search facility, which pinpoints specific books, the visitor is presented with a range of options related to your likely interests.

English Civil War: Easily the best website so far created on the English Civil War. The site includes a collection of timelines: Parliament and Constitution 1640-60, The First Civil War 1640-46, The Second Civil War 1647-49, The Third Civil War 1649-51, The Commonwealth 1649-53, Cromwell's Protectorate 1654-58 and The Restoration 1659-60. There is also twenty-four biographies of leading figures in the conflict and descriptions of sixty-two battles and sieges.

Studs Terkel: Oral History: Produced by the Chicago Historical Society, this website looks at the life and work of Studs Terkel, one of the world's most important oral historians. Organized into galleries that are largely centered around the extensive interviews that Mr. Terkel did for his books, Division Street, Hard Times, The Good War, Race and Talking to Myself. Each gallery contains dozens of audio clips of these interviews. The website also contains a multimedia interview with Studs Terkel, featuring him talking about his books, writing oral history, and documenting everyday life in the United States.

Guardian Century: "The maiden voyage of the White Star liner Titanic, the largest ship ever launched, has ended in disaster. The Titanic started her trip from Southampton for New York on Wednesday. Late on Sunday night she struck an iceberg off the Grand Banks of Newfoundland. By wireless telegraphy she sent out signals of distress, and several liners were near enough to catch and respond to the call. Conflicting news, alarming and reassuring, was current yesterday. Even after midnight it was said all the passengers were safe. All reports, of course, depended on wireless telegrams over great distances." That is the way the Manchester Guardian opened its account of the sinking of the Titantic on 16th April, 1912. This excellent website contains hundreds of important articles that have appeared in the Guardian during the 20th Century.

HyperHistory is an expanding scientific project presenting 3,000 years of world history with an interactive combination of synchronoptic lifelines, timelines, and maps. As the author, Andreas Nothiger, points out the "synchronoptic concept depicts a full panorama of history in such a way that it will appeal to a cultivated public at large. A true picture of the world would be incomplete if it equates history with the history of wars and politics and neglects all other aspects of life. The addition of scientific, cultural and religious facts and events are therefore a key to a fundamental knowledge of society." Over 2,000 files are interconnected throughout the site. In addition to that HyperHistory provides several hundred links to the world wide web. The growing site itself contains presently over 50 MB of images and text files, but individual files are kept small enough to allow for a quick display.

Schools History Project: The present Schools History Project is the successor to the project funded by the Schools Council in 1972 for "History 13-16". The project suggested that: "Many teachers would find helpful a project which would provide stimulus, support and materials to help them revitalise their own practice in general and more particularly help them to encourage more pupil participation in their study of History." The Project began initially at the University of Leeds and transferred to Trinity & All Saints College in 1979, where it has been based ever since. The SHP website includes resources for an in-depth study of the American west and the US Cavalry.

Turning the Pages is an award-winning interactive display system developed by The British Library to increase public access and enjoyment of some of its most valuable treasures. Visitors are able to virtually "turn" the pages of manuscripts in an incredibly realistic way, using touch-screen technology and animation. They can zoom in on the high quality digitized images and read or listen to notes explaining the beauty and significance of each page. There are other features specific to the individual manuscripts - in the Leonardo notebook, for example, a mirror button turns the text round so visitors can try to read his famous mirror handwriting. There are currently nine treasures on display in Turning the Pages; the Lindisfarne Gospels, the Diamond Sutra, the Sforza Hours, the Leonardo Notebook, the Golden Haggadah, the Luttrell Psalter, Blackwell's Herbal, the Sherborne Missal and Sultan Baybars' Qur'an.

Pilgrims in American Culture: Each fall, Plimoth Plantation’s Research, Education and Public Relations departments receive thousands of telephone calls and letters, all asking the same question: "What was the ‘First Thanksgiving’ really like?" The answer is more complicated than you might first think. Most of what we know about the 1621 event comes from the first-hand accounts of Governor William Bradford and Master Edward Winslow, leaders of the young colony. Other facts can be gleaned by studying English harvest home traditions, available foodstuffs and cooking techniques, Separatist religious practices and 17th-Century English social patterns and customs. Here is a collection of information on all these subjects, prepared by Plimoth Plantation museum staff to answer the questions of students, teachers, religious organizations and community groups. It responds to the most frequently asked questions about the First Thanksgiving and is intended to serve as your guide to re-creating the original 17th-Century event.

History 20: This website has been produced to support the Saskatchewan Social Studies Curriculum. Each page has been developed to act as a "resource hot sheet" dealing with topics identified in the History 20 curriculum. The resource hot sheets can act as a primary or secondary reading, or to assist in classroom discussions of a variety of topics. Each page has been supported with appropriate visual images, and where possible, first person accounts by individuals who were present during the event. In addition, a number of multimedia-learning objects have been place including sound bites, mini - movies and flash items.

Political Graveyard is a web site about U.S. political history and cemeteries. It is the Internet's most comprehensive source for American political biography, listing 107,137 politicians, living and dead. The coverage of the site includes certain federal officials, state office holders and candidates in all 50 states, state and national political party officials, federal and state judges, and mayors (including candidates at election for mayor) of qualifying cities. The listings are incomplete as the development of the database is a continually ongoing project.

Passmores History Department: This website is designed to serve both students at Passmores Comprehensive School in Harlow in Essex, as well as teachers delivering the National Curriculum more generally. The site is an ongoing project started in July of 2002 by Stephen Drew, Head of History at Passmores. The site has (or will have) pages for every lesson taught in Key Stage 3 at Passmores. Students are able to use these pages to reinforce learning from the lesson, get help with their homework or extend their learning. It is also possible for students to catch up missed lessons via the website. As well as this however there is a section of the site for other teachers. All of the resources used by Passmores History Department are uploaded to the site, including detailed lesson plans. All of this work is ongoing with a target of completion at Key Stage 3 of July 2003. Key Stage 4 will then be developed in the school year 2003-2004.

Oral History: Someone once said that every time a person dies a library is destroyed. Everyone has a story to tell about their life which is unique to them. Regardless of age or importance we all have interesting experiences to share. The collection of oral accounts is the best way of preserving information about the past. This website, run by the Oral History Society, provides some good practical advice on how to start an oral history project.

GCSE History Pages: A website produced by history teachers at the Dartford Technology College. A revision site for GCSE Schools History project students it has been online for 18 months and is steadily growing. It's main features include interactive tests and quizzes, revision tips, practice exam papers with mark-schemes for self assessment, revision notes and structured lessons. It also has an ask a teacher facility which is open for anyone to use.

Jamestown and the Virginia Experiment: The Virtual Jamestown Archive is a digital research, teaching and learning project that explores the legacies of the Jamestown settlement and "the Virginia experiment." Jamestown Interactive highlights some of the newest project development at Virtual Jamestown. For example, using John Smith's maps and records as a guide, they have put together Flash maps of the Chesapeake area, allowing users to interact with Smith's voyages in a new way.

Archiving Early America: The main focus at Archiving Early America is primary source material from 18th Century America - all displayed digitally. Using original newspapers, magazines, maps and writings, the website covers subjects the Declaration of Independence, Constitution, Bill of Rights, Famous Obituaries, The Lives of Early Americans, Portraits and Notable Women Of Early America.

Hostetler's Social Studies Website: After 23 years of teaching social studies at the 8th grade level, Ned Hostetler is now in his third year of teaching senior Government at Orrville High School in Ohio. His website was created to help his students find information. The site is divided into the following categories: Current Events, Government, General References, Military History (French and Indian War, Revolutionary War and War of 1812), Ohio Frontiersmen and Indians, Colonial Times and Museums.

CHCC Project: Funded by the Joint Information Systems Committee, a team of UK academics is developing the collection of Historical and Contemporary Census data and related Materials (CHCC) into a major learning and teaching resource. The project team is working to increase the use of census datasets in learning and teaching by improving accessibility to the primary data resources which are also being enhanced through adding and linking other information. The team is developing resource discovery tools via a Census portal which will provide access to an integrated set of learning and teaching materials for teachers and students (including tutorials, exercises and exemplar-based studies) relating to a number of subject disciplines.

Accessing Scotland's Past: The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS) is currently running a project entitled 'Accessing Scotland's Past'. The project is a one year pilot project, funded by the Heritage Lottery Fund, exploring online access to archaeological sites and historic buildings in two pilot areas of Scotland. RCAHMS records and interprets the rich variety of sites and monuments and buildings which together make up Scotland's built heritage. At the heart of the NMRS lies the Architecture and Archaeology Collections. These encompass a rich variety of material, including photographs, aerial photographs, books and periodicals, site reports and archives, maps, architectural drawings and models.

British History: The About network consists of hundreds of Guide sites neatly organized into 23 channels. The sites cover more than 50,000 subjects with over a million links to the best resources on the Net and the fastest-growing archive of high quality original content. The material is organized under the headings such as: Agricultural Revolution, British Empire, Wars, Historical Maps, Foreign Policy, Industrial Revolution, Ireland Monarchy, Normans, Political Reform, Prime Ministers, Reformation, Roman Britain, Saxons, Scotland, Social Reform, Transport Revolution, Tudor England and Vikings.

American Revolution: This website, Liberty, produced by KTCA-TV and Middmarch Films, provides a collection of resources on the American Revolution. It begins in the aftermath of the French and Indian War and ends with the creation of the Constitution. It includes Chronicle of the Revolution (a potpourri of information on the American Revolution), Perspectives on Liberty (daily life in the Colonies, military information) and the Road to Revolution (a game that can be used in the classroom).

House of Lords: When the Labour Party was elected to power in 1997, it promised to introduce legislation that would make the House of Lords an elected second chamber. However, Tony Blair, the prime minister changed his mind and last week called for a fully appointed House of Lords. On 4th February, 2003, the House of Lords voted for this measure (335 votes to 110) but it was defeated in the House of Commons (323 votes to 245) . This Guardian website includes a large collection of articles on the various attempts to reform the House of Lords.

Airline History: This website on Airline History has been produced by Sarah Ward, a former commercial pilot. The Airline History Website has two main parts: Airlines ( listed from A to Z) Aircraft (listed by decade) There are also special feature topics covering Paper Planes (aircraft that never flew), London's Airports (decade by decade), Supersonic Airliners, Flying-boat Airliners and National airline histories.

The Union Makes Us Strong: TUC History Online, a partnership initiative between London Metropolitan University and the Trades Union Congress in support of their strategies in lifelong learning, made possible through a grant from the New Opportunities Fund as part of their NOF-Digitise programme. Trade unions have played, and will continue to play, a decisive role in shaping economic and social developments in Britain - yet much of their history is at present unknown and inaccessible to the public. This site provides a dynamic new resource allowing us to connect with the working lives of our predecessors, helping to analyse historical developments and to build for the future. The site consists of five learning resources, which will be released in phases throughout 2003. At present you can take a journey through 150 years of labour history with our Timeline, or learn about the Match Workers strike in 1888. Future developments will include the full manuscript of the novel The Ragged Trousered Philanthropists, an archive of material from the General Strike of 1926 as well as every TUC Report from 1868-1968.

The Monarchy: Apparently Queen Victoria had her own spin doctor, or court newsman as he was known. Negatives of pictures taken by the society photographer Alexander Bassano in 1882 show the marks of "retouching, slimming down the ample waistline, removing wrinkles, adding hair and drawing in the regal profile to produce a statuesque but trimmer figure." This interesting article by Stephen Bates on Victorian Media Manipulation can be found in the Guardian's new website devoted to articles on the monarchy.

History Timelines: A collection of history timelines produced by classroom teachers. Subjects covered include the Romans, Alfred the Great, Normans and Plantagents, Crusade, Francis Drake, William the Conqueror, Tudors & Stuarts, American Revolution, French Revolution, Railways, 20th Century Inventions, First World War (4), Spanish Civil War, Nazi Germany, Second World War (6), the Holocaust, Cold War and Europe 1945-1990.

Crime and Punishment: In the years after 1660 the number of offences carrying the death penalty increased enormously, from about 50, to 160 by 1750 and to 288 by 1815. You could be hanged for stealing goods worth 5 shillings (25p), stealing from a shipwreck, pilfering from a Naval Dockyard, damaging Westminster Bridge, impersonating a Chelsea Pensioner or cutting down a young tree. This series of laws became known as "The Bloody Code." This Public Record Office website takes a close look at why the Bloody Code passed by parliament.

Political Ideas and Concepts: This website provides a clear explanation of key political ideas including anarchism, capitalism, colonialism, communism, conservatism, democracy, fascism, feminism, individualism, liberalism, marxism, nationalism, pluralism, social democracy, socialism, zionism. Key political concepts such as anarchy, authority, equality, globalisation, liberty, power, state power and totalitarian are also defined.

Air Mail Pioneers: This website is dedicated to the men and women of the U.S. Air Mail Service, a little-remembered organization that laid the foundation for commercial aviation worldwide. With the cooperation of the US Air Service, the US Post Office flew the mail from 1918 until 1927. Air Mail Service pilots are the unsung heroes of early aviation. In their frail Curtiss Jennies and postwar de Havillands, they battled wind, snow, and sleet to pioneer round-the-clock airmail service along the world's longest air route, the US transcontinental. In the process, thirty-four pilots lost their lives.

Historical Anecdotes: After the Bay of Pigs fiasco, the American people rallied around their president. Indeed Kennedy's popularity rating was never higher, with eighty-two percent expressing their approval. Kennedy himself was dumbfounded. "My God!" he exclaimed one day. "It's as bad as Eisenhower. The worse I do, the more popular I get!" This is one of the thousands of historical anecdotes that can be found on this fascinating website.

What is History?: This website looks at books, reviews and websites which examine the nature of history and assess the changes in historical method and practice which have occurred over the last forty years. It includes articles by Paul Addison, Maxine Berg, David Cannadine, Richard J. Evans, Arthur Marwick, Alun Munslow, Patrick O'Brien, Diane Purkiss and James Vernon.

History of Economic Thought: This website is a repository of collected links and information on the history of economic thought, from the ancient times until the modern day. It is designed for students and the general public, who are interested in learning about economics from a historical perspective.

Historical Atlas of the Twentieth Century: An impressive collection of historical maps can be found on Matthew Hope's outstanding website. Many of these maps are interactive. If you click on a place, you might zoom in and get more detail. Similarly, if you click on the legend to a map, you might get a more detailed explanation of the topic. Clicking on the Contemporary Context button bar will zoom out to show what's happening in the world at this time in a specific field of human activity. The icons symbolize Cities, Government, War, International Relations, Living Conditions and Economics. Although the atlas is non-linear in overall design, its backbone is probably the series of maps illustrating national political systems, so this is probably the best place to start if you have no particular topic you're curious about.

Historical Atlas of Europe: The maps on this site give you an overview of the political changes that have shaped the map of Europe for the last 350 years. Every map is accompanied by a text that explains the changes and developments that have taken place over the years. There is a section about the unifications of Germany and Italy in the nineteenth century. A recent addition concerns the former Yugoslavia. It includes texts on the wars that took place there in the 1990's, with an ethnographic sketch of that country to improve insight in the rather complicated intrigues that have taken place there over the last ten years. Also maps on the growth and decline of that nation have been added.

History Online: This website is being developed by the Institute of Historical Research (IHR). History Online provides high-quality information resources for the teaching and learning of history. There are currently over 40,000 records providing details of books and articles, UK university lecturers, UK current and past research, and evaluated links to web sites and online resources. Material can be located via title and author searches, or by historical theme, place, and period.

Malaria: Malaria was first identified by the Ancient Romans. The name derived from the bad-smelling air that hung like a miasma over the city in the summer months and the disease was thought to be spread by breathing. The disease is caused by a parasite that is transferred to humans by a mosquito bite. Malaria is therefore a problem for people living close to marshes. The disease can be removed from an area by draining the land. The cause of malaria was discovered in 1880 and this has enabled successful drugs to be developed against the disease. However, someone still dies of malaria every 15 seconds. This website provides everything you could ever want to know about this disease.

Abdication Crisis of Edward VIII: During the spring of 1936 the king's relationship with Wallis Simpson was reported in the foreign press. The prime minister, Stanley Baldwin, instructed the British press not to cover this story and urged the king to consider the constitutional problems of marrying a divorced woman. The problem for Edward was that as king he was also head of the Church of England, which did not allow a divorced person to remarry while their (former) spouse was still living, and Mrs. Simpson's first two husbands were still alive. The government was also aware that Wallis Simpson was in fact involved in other sexual relationships. This included a married car mechanic and salesman called Guy Trundle and Edward Fitzgerald, Duke of Leinster. More importantly, the FBI believed that Wallis Simpson was having a relationship with Joachim von Ribbentrop, the German Ambassador to Britain, and that she was passing secret information obtained from the king to the Nazi government. This website provides a detailed account of the events that led to Edward VIII abdicating on 10th December, 1936.

The United Nations: The United Nations officially came into existence on 24 October 1945, when the UN Charter had been ratified by a majority of the original 51 Member States. The purpose of the United Nations is to bring all nations of the world together to work for peace and development, based on the principles of justice, human dignity and the well-being of all people. It affords the opportunity for countries to balance global interdependence and national interests when addressing international problems. This United Nations website provides a history of the organization.

History Mad: This website contains home-produced content (quizzes, worksheets, etc.), competitions, and an extensive selection of links. What is special about the links pages is that they are more specific than other sites and include star-rating reviews written in pupil-friendly language. The site is easily navigable and lends itself well to project work since project support pages are also included. For example, pupils studying Victorian Life or British History 1950-2000 will find carefully selected links to follow and support pages with suggested questions to answer, ways of structuring their project work and other tips.

Virtual Tour of Birmingham: See the wonders of the city centre from the comfort of your chair! Explore the city's canals and see its public art by going on one of the Trails. Take a 360° panoramic tour of parts of Birmingham and then see how certain areas have changed over the last couple of centuries. Learn facts and figures you never knew about our great city! There are lots of suggested activities for use in and out of school. The great thing about this tour is that you can see the virtual Birmingham on your computer and then actually go and see the places in person. You can even download the Trails onto your PDA and take them with you when you go!

English Heritage welcomes educational groups completely free of charge on visits to over 400 historic sites. Over 500,000 pupils, students and teachers each year already enjoy this experience. The education section of its website attempts to help teachers use the local historic environment as a resource for teaching across the curriculum. The pages contain outline schemes of work in history. Clear learning objectives and outcomes are given, and links across the curriculum and extension activities are suggested.

Mysteries of History: A website devoted to solving mysteries. Several of the sections should interest historians, including Mysteries of Intelligence (JFK Assassination, Wallis Simpson, Vera Arkins, Selwyn Jepson, Marcus Garvey and the Sword of Islam), Mysteries of History (Turin Shroud), Knights Templer, King Arthur, Atlas of Ancient Egypt and Voynich Manuscript), Mysteries of Warfare (Flight of Rudolf Hess, Katyn Forest Massacre and Frontline 1940-41).

In Search of Heroes: An American Journey explores the complex relationship between Americans and our heroes. Designed to engage people of diverse ages and backgrounds in thinking and talking about the values that define our culture and create our history, the project is structured around four independent and interrelated components: a nationally broadcast two-part public television series, a multi-phased, interactive website, an online and DVD curriculum for elementary, junior high and high school students, and a national community engagement campaign.

Ancestry Historical Maps: This website provides several hundred historical maps from all areas of the world. Maps are organized under the following headings: U.S. State and County, North and South American, British Isles, European, World, Emigration/Immigration, Migration, Ethnic/Religious, Military, Land Transaction and Urban/City.

Civil Rights Museum: This website is a collaboration of the Leadership Conference on Civil Rights and the Leadership Conference on Civil Rights Education Fund. The main objective is to provide relevant and up-to-the minute civil rights news and information.

Historiography: "The task of the historian is to understand the peoples of the past better than they understand themselves." This quotation by Herbert Butterfield is one of the 150 that can be found on this Russel Tarr website. Historiography is the name we give to the history of studying history. In particular, it is about what we can learn from history. Students are given two random quotes about the nature of history and then asked which one they find most engaging. They then have to explain their answer by giving historical examples which prove its point.

Manx History: The Isle of Man has a long and complex history, and many legends surrounding it. From stone age burial grounds, to medieval fortresses, world war internment camps and Victoriana, there is evidence of the past all around you on the Isle of Man. St Ninian's High School has a history curriculum that includes sections on local history for each year group. Year 7 (prehistoric age on the Isle of Man), Year 8 (the island during the Civil War), Year 9 (First World War and the Second World War), and GCSE (the Manx cholera outbreak of 1832).

James Paxton: In 1826 James Paxton became gardener to the 6th Duke of Devonshire at Chiswick House and then at Chatsworth. Paxton's greatest project was the Crystal Palace. He also worked at Birkenhead Park, the People's Park in Halifax, Princes Park in Liverpool, Upton Park in Slough, Baxter Park in Dundee, the public park in Dunfermline and Hesketh Park in Southport. This website provides information on all Paxton's major projects.

British History Online is a digital library of British historical sources for historians of Britain located worldwide seeking access to, and cross-searching of, an interconnected range of historical sources including text and information about people, places and businesses from the 12th century to the present day. Built by the Institute of Historical Research and the History of Parliament, it aims to provide a particular range and a unique configuration of historical sources whose availability and format will help to devise and develop new research strategies and methodologies.

Histoforum is probably the largest educational history site in the Netherlands. It was started by history teacher Albert van der Kaap five years ago to explore the possibilities of internet in teaching history. Especially the section with ‘Queestes’ (the Dutch equivalent for Webquests) is the result of this exploration. Besides sections that are only of interest for Dutch visitors (partly because the language is Dutch) Histoforum contains sections that may be helpful to English visitors such as ‘teaching materials’, ‘information about and examples of webquests’ and a large section with history links by period, country, alphabet, person and subject.

Urban Legends: Myths are important symbols of cultural unity, and perhaps no myths are more important in the modern era than the historical myths that establish our national heritage and tell us where we came from as well as who we are. This website provides a collection of these urban myths and includes: (1) Italian dictator Benito Mussolini made the trains run on time. (2) The United States standard railroad gauge derives from the original specification for an Imperial Roman war chariot. (3) A death curse threatens U.S. Presidents elected in years evenly divisible by twenty. (4) A number of amazing coincidences can be found between the assassinations of Abraham Lincoln and John F. Kennedy.

Coverups: This website looks at the great conspiracy theories developed over the last 200 years. Coverups and conspiracies covered include: JFK's Assassination, Adolf Hitler's Death, Big Foot, the Death of Marilyn Monroe, Abraham Lincoln's Assassination, Roswell New Mexico, Death of Princess Diana, Death of Jimmy Hoffa, Waco Texas, Area 51, Bermuda Triangle, TWA 800 and the Lochness Monster.

Best of History Web Sites is an award-winning portal created for students, history educators, and general history enthusiasts. Best of History Web Sites contains annotated links to over 900 history-related web sites that have been reviewed for quality, accuracy, and usefulness. Site content is well organized into thirteen categories, including: Prehistory, Ancient/Biblical, Medieval, U.S. History, Early Modern European, 20th Century, World War II, Art History, General Resources, Maps, Lesson Plans/Activities, Multimedia, and Research. Best of History Web Sites features annotated links to hundreds of history lesson plans, teacher guides, activities, games, quizzes, and more throughout its pages. There is also a special section on Teaching with Technology that features articles, tips, and links to current research and practice in classroom technology. Best of History Web Sites is the creation of Thomas Daccord, a history teacher and instructional technology consultant who has taught in North America and Europe.

Someone in Time: Every month a new mystery guest will arrive on this Discovery Channel website. Your mission is to uncover the identity of the mystery guest by clues (text, visual, or audio). Every other day new clues will be added. You can also ask the mystery guest a question. These questions and answers are archived and can be read by the person playing the game. The solution to the mystery is revealed on the 15th day of the game.

History Matters: Designed for high school and college teachers of U.S. History courses. This site serves as a gateway to web resources and offers useful materials for teaching US history. The website includes Many Pasts (primary documents): Making Sense of Evidence (guides for analyzing primary sources); Past Meets Present (articles and resources that link the past with current ideas and events); Reference Desk (links to resources); Digital Blackboard (teaching assignments using web resources): Students as Historians (examples of student work on the web) and Secrets of Great Historians (distinguished teachers share their strategies and techniques).

Digital History: This website was designed and developed to support the teaching of American History in schools and colleges and is supported by the Department of History and the College of Education at the University of Houston. The materials on this website include a US history textbook; over 400 annotated documents from the Gilder Lehrman Collection on deposit at the Pierpont Morgan Library, supplemented by primary sources on slavery, Mexican American and Native American history, and US political, social, and legal history; succinct essays on the history of film, ethnicity, private life, and technology; multimedia exhibitions; and reference resources that include a searchable database of 1,500 annotated links, classroom handouts, chronologies, glossaries, an audio archive including speeches and book talks by historians, and a visual archive with hundreds of historical maps and images. The site's Ask the HyperHistorian feature allows users to pose questions to professional historians.

Jefferson Digital Archive: This impressive website includes a Life of Thomas Jefferson by B. L. Rayner (1834); a guide to the Jefferson Papers, the Jeffersonian Cyclopedia (a comprehensive account of the opinions of Jefferson - 9,000 entries arranged under the headings Government, Politics, Law, Education, Political Economy, Finance, Science, Art, Literature, Religious Freedom, and Morals); Jefferson on Politics and Government (2,700 excerpts from Jefferson's writings, ordered thematically, illustrating the political philosophy of Jefferson) and Jefferson in the Oxford English Dictionary (a summary of Jefferson's influence on the English language).

Festival of Britain: Between May and September 1951 the nation celebrated the Festival of Britain. After the devastation of war and years of austerity the Festival aimed to raise the nation’s spirits whilst promoting the very best in British art, design and industry. The London based centrepieces of the Festival, the South Bank Exhibition and the Festival Pleasure Gardens in Battersea, were the most visible elements of a Festival which was celebrated in cities, towns and villages all over Britain. Now you can experience - or re-experience - the excitement of the time through this remarkable collection of photographs, memorabilia and personal reminiscences.

Exploring the French Revolution: This website provides an accessible and lively introduction to the French Revolution as well as an extraordinary archive of some of the most important documentary evidence from the Revolution, including 338 texts, 245 images, and a number of maps and songs. The project is a collaboration of the Center for History and New Media (George Mason University) and the American Social History Project (City University of New York). The best way to navigate the site is to select the Explore or Browse options. Explore leads to a set of 12 essays, whereas with Browse can see lists of all the images, texts, maps, and songs at the site, or view a timeline of events, as well as a 65-term glossary.

John Snow: In 1836 Dr. John Snow moved to London and during the next twenty years carried out a series of brilliant epidemiological investigations. He traced one outbreak of cholera to a well in Soho, into which raw sewage was seeping. Snow also did important experimental work on ether and chloroform and devised equipment to administer anaesthetics. Professor Ralph Frerichs of UCLA has created this outstanding website dedicated to exploring the life and work of John Snow.

American Museum: In 1841 the showman Phineas Taylor Barnum opened his American Museum in New York City. Dominating lower Broadway at Park Row, in no time Barnum's American Museum became the "most visited place in America." For more than twenty years, for six days a week, fifteen hours a day, people flocked to the five-story building to marvel at and mock its myriad of changing attractions. However, shortly after twelve noon on Thursday, July 13, 1865, in one of the most spectacular fires in New York's history, Barnum's American Museum was destroyed. Produced by the American Social History Project's Center for Media and Learning at the City University of New York, this project brings a recreation of P.T. Barnum's famed American Museum to the Web.

African National Congress: The ANC was formed in 1912 to unite the African people and spearhead the struggle for fundamental political, social and economic change. For nine decades the ANC has led the struggle against racism and oppression, organising mass resistance, mobilising the international community and taking up the armed struggle against apartheid. The ANC achieved a decisive democratic breakthrough in the 1994 elections, where it was given a firm mandate to negotiate a new democratic Constitution for South Africa. This website contains documents that were either produced by the ANC, about the role of the ANC and its allies in the struggle for liberation or directly concerned with the ANC.

Historic Cities: This website is a joint project of the Historic Cities Center of the Department of Geography, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and the Jewish National and University Library. Historic Cities contains maps, literature, documents, books and other relevant material concerning the past, present and future of historic cities and facilitates the location of similar content on the web.

History Speeches: Hear the words that changed the world. This collection is drawn from the most famous broadcasts and recordings of the twentieth century and includes the voices of Mohandas Gandhi, William Jennings Bryan, Martin Luther King, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Joseph McCarthy, John F. Kennedy, Malcolm X, Earl Browder, Fannie Lou Hamer, Richard Nixon, Bernadette Devlin, Edward VIII, H. Rap Brown, Samuel Gompers, Herbert Hoover, Jessie Jackson, John F. Kennedy, A. Philip Randolph, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Mao Zedong and Norman Thomas.

Olympic Games: The revival of the ancient Olympics in Athens in 1896 attracted athletes from 14 nations. On 6th April 1896, the American James Connolly won the triple jump to become the first Olympic champion in more than 1,500 years. Winners were awarded a silver medal and a crown of olive branches. The German athlete Karl Schumann finished in the top four in four different events. The people of Athens greeted the Games with great enthusiasm. Their support was rewarded when a Greek shepherd, Spiridon Louis, won the most popular event, the marathon. This website provides information about every Olympic Games since Athens in 1896.

The Story of Africa: This BBC World Service website tells the history of the continent from an African perspective. Africa's top historians take a fresh look at the events and characters that have shaped the continent from the origins of humankind to the end of South African apartheid. There are chapters on Living History, Early History, Nile Valley, West African Kingdoms, the Swahili, Traditional Religions, Islam, Christianity, Slavery, Central African Kingdoms, Africa & Europe (1800-1914), Southern Africa, Between World Wars (1914-1945) and Independence.

British History 4Kids: Developed by British Information Services, a New York-based section of the British Embassy in Washington DC, these pages are a new addition to BritainUSA.com, the most accessed source of information on Britain in the United States. They offer a basic and concise overview of British history from prehistoric times to the 21st century, presented in eleven advertising-free chapters. British History 4Kids includes links to many recommended UK history sites, including those produced by British schools, and is intended primarily to introduce British history to upper elementary and middle school students (aged 9-14) in the US.

British Empire: For the last 400 years Britain has played a key role in the world - mainly because of its empire. Ben Walsh's new exhibition for KS 3 and 4 uses films, photos, posters, letters and documents to bring alive those extraordinary times. There are case studies on the empire in Africa, Australia, North America, India and Ireland, plus discussion questions that ask pupils to assess events that shaped the world we live in today.

Assessment in History: Last year a conference was held at the British Library to discuss assessment in Key Stage 3 history. The conference dealt with two major questions: How far are National Curriculum levels useful for within key stage as well as end of key stage assessment? How can assessment and assessment data be used to raise standards? The report of the conference includes details of how the history department of Snaith School use a range of assignments across the key stage, each targeted at one or two principal objectives and additionally subsidiary objectives, with each assignment therefore leading to a holistic overview of performance.

World History: This website includes narrative on trends from pre-history to the 21st century - trends in religion, attitude, technology, philosophy and political organization. It includes ninety text maps. The site has a section of book reviews to supplement narrative. The author tries to tell a story while presenting the positions of various sides of conflicts with accuracy, leaving his commentaries for a third section of his site. Since this site went online in 1997 it has benefited from much scrutiny. Errors have been found and corrected. Pages have been rewritten, and the author is keen on continuing the struggle for accuracy and realistic descriptions. He has used primary sources, but, as have others who write broad sweeps of history, he has drawn from the works of numerous historians who have devoted their professional lives to a more narrow focus of study. And he aims at avoiding distortion through omission.

Public Record Office: A2A: A2A is the English strand in the UK archives network and will make 8 million catalogue entries for archives dating from the twelfth to the twentieth centuries and held in national, local and specialist archives available on the Internet by March 2002. The website now contains almost 1.3 million records (catalogue entries) describing archives held in 100 record offices and other institutions across England - catalogue entries which may now be searched and browsed together via A2A's single database. Information added on 26 October includes catalogues to the papers of the British Prime Ministers Andrew Bonar Law and David Lloyd George, and to those of other political figures, provided by the 'Political Archives Consortium'; the extensive archive of original Acts of Parliament dating from 1497 to the 1990s, held at the House of Lords Record Office; and further catalogues from the 'London Archives on the Wider World' project: including sources for the history of medicine held at the Wellcome Library for the History and Understanding of Medicine, papers of military figures at the Imperial War Museum, and archives of exploration held by the Royal Geographical Society. Further finding aids relating to family and estate archives held in the South East of England have also been added by the 'From Landlord to Labourer' project, as have catalogues relating to the archives of Quarter Sessions and Petty Sessions courts and a range of other records.

History News Network: George Mason University's History News Network (HNN) is the only history website on the Internet wholly devoted to current events. Created in June 2001, the website features articles by historians about current events and keeps readers up to date about the latest controversies. The site, which is updated daily with news of breaking stories, includes an exciting range of articles by historians on both the left and the right. The HNN website attempts to expose politicians who misrepresent history; point out bogus analogies; deflate beguiling myths; remind readers of the irony of history and to remind us all of the complexity of history.

Cases & Materials on American Federalism: This website, produced by Dr. Douglas G. Amber, of the Department of History & Political Science at Purdue University, contains historical documents, a timeline, a glossary, edited court cases, review questions, other materials, and links to other free resources. These materials were developed for use in American Government and Public Policy courses taught at Purdue University.

General & Reference Websites

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